Means for shaping helical bodies



Sept- '25, 1933- J. R. wAREN 1,928,159

MEANS FOR SHAPING HELICAL BODIES q Filed Feb. 12, 1932 8 Sheets-Sheet lwQi/essz/ so Jlzzz E mrrezz gmmdoz SePt- 26, 1933- J. R. WARREN MEANSFOR SHPING HELICL BODIES Filed Feb. 12, 1932 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 :Invenfoz7612721 R. VVal/z'arz,

sept. 26, 1933. J. R. WARREN 1,928,159

MEANS FOR SHAPING HELICAL BODIES Filed Feb. 12. 1952 8 Sheets-Sheet 3SBP- 26, 1933 J. R. WARREN MEANS FOR SHAPING HELICAL BODIES Filed Feb.l2. 1932 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 L/Ezn R. /Varrm @ma @ab atknmtf Sept. 26,l1933. v J, R, WARREN 1,928,159

MEANS FOR SHAPING HELICAL BODIES Filed feb. 12, 1932 8 Sheets-Sheet 5gig. L2

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Sept 26; 1933 J. R. WARREN MEANS FOR SHAPING HELICAL BQDIES Filed Feb.12. 1932 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 Jol/1 1 E. Warren,

Sept. 26, 1933- J. Rl WARREN I 1,928,159

MEANS FOR SHAPING HELICAL BODIES Filed Feb. 12, 1932 8 Sheets-Sheet 8una i @5h11 ZT/l/Zzrzfen,

Patented Sept. 26o, 1933 UNITED --s'TA MEANSFOR SHAPING HELICALBODIESJohn R. Warren, Grand Rapids, Mich., assignor y to Charles R. Evensonand James A. Webber, v.jboth of Grand Rapids, Mich., doing business asMichigan Wheel Co:

Application rebr'uryiz, 1932. seriaiNo 59am ciaiinsgloi. seo-a1)Thepresent invention relates vto machines for shapingV or milling bodieshelically; and" its object is, generally, Yto vprovide such a machineimproved in respects.. hereinafter appearing; and further,to'provide'sucha machine having the improved mode of voperationhereinafter described; and further, to provide suchA a machine effectingVthe improved results herein'setv forth; and more particularly; toprovide such a machine whereby the` said body is turned about itsaxisrelatively to a tool beingI moved parallelly with said axis insuccessive cuttingfoperations `winding helically about said axis; ,andfurther, to provide in such a'machine'means for progressively incliningthetool relatively to a plane atright angles to saidraxis; and further,to provide in such a machine means for moving the tool radially of saidaxis between its several cutting operations; and further, to provide insuch a machine oscillating. means for turningsaid body and for movingthetool; Aand further, to provide in such a machine means forshapinggoppositely Winding helixes; and furtherjto provide `in such ama-v 'this specification and illustrated by the accom?` A.

' is shown comprising a suitable base frame on panying drawings, inwhich: f

Figure 1 is an elevational front view of a machine for shaping ormilling bodies helically, certain parts being shown in vertical section;

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view thereo taken on line 2-2'01Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an elevational left-hand end View,Y

of the machine, partially sectioned vertically von line 3-3 of Figures 1and 2;

Figure 4 is an elevational left-hand vetzndrviewA thereof, partiallysectioned on line 4-i4`of Fig-` Figurea is a vertical sectional view ofcertain 2 parts taken on line 8 8 of Figure 2;

Figure 9is a fragmentary elevational View of ,tool-carryingparts shownpartially in longitudinalsection; ,Y

relativelyto the work carrier.

'eiect each `of the tools successive operations which f form `cutswinding helically ,about said Figure 10 is a Vtransverse sectional viewthereof taken on line 10-10 of Figure 9; Figure 11 is an elevationalview of certain parts Vseen at the right-hand upper corner of Figure 1and partially sectioned on the plane; Y 4

Figure 12 is a vertical sectional view thereof taken on line 12-12 ofFigure 11; l.

Figure 13 is a vertical sectional view of the same taken on line 13'13of Figure 11; l 65 Figure 14 is a top plan View thereof; l Figure 15 isan elevational front View of cerV tain parts, a shaft being shownsectioned on line 15-15 of Figure 9; Figure 16 is a top plan view of awork carrier; 7 0

Figure 17 is a vertical sectional View thereof taken on line l7-,1'7'ofFigure 16;

Figure 18 is a vertical sectional view of the same takenon line 18--18ofFigure 16; f

l Figure 19 is a fragmentary edgewise View of 75 the-work carrier; j Y

Figure 20 is atop plan view of a workpiecea screw propeller--showing thesuccessive cuts of the machines tool thereon;

Figure 2l is an edgewise view thereof; and Figure'22 is a sectional viewof the same taken on Iine22-`22 of Figure 20.,v VIn the embodimentof theinvention illustrated by these drawings a machine for shaping ormillingl helical bodies, as screw propellers for boats,

same vertical which are mounted a turnable work carrier .and` a` cuttingtool with means for moving the same IntheV .operation of this machinevsuch a work piece is turned by said carrier relatively to the toolWhilethe same is being'fed parallelly with the axis of thecarriersturning movement to 95 axis, and after'such a cutting operation theparts are returned and the tool is moved radiallyof said 'axis and isinclined relatively toa plane at, right angles thereto preparatoryto thenext cutting operation. 100

I These movements ofthe parts areefiected by suitable mechanism,preferably lsuch as is illusf-y 'trated bythe drawings and operating inthe man-A ner hereinafter described. l On'the frame 1 of the illustratedmachine are 105 journalled at 2 and 3 respectively the verticalV shaft 4having at its upper end the Work carrier designated generally 69 and thevertical 'shaft 5 having -at its upper end agear 6. These shafts areconnected, to rockingly turn Vor oscillate tovsecured by suitable meansto the work carrier which is turned by its vertical shaft 4 relativelyto the cutting tool 31 while the same is being fed vertically to form acut winding helically about the axis ofthe tool carrier and vwork pieceas indicated at 70 in Figures 20, 21. The tool is thus fed in each ofits cutting operations by the following mechanism driven by the verticalshaft 5. A horizontally disposed hexagonal rock shaft having a gear 20slidable therealong'and a gear 21 at its outer end is journalled at 11in theupwardly extending casing member1 2 of the frame and at 13 in theouter end of the frames arm 14 which extends over the work carrier andhas a supporting post 15. This shaft 10 is rockedV through a suitabletrain of gearsV contained-in said member and including the gear 6 of orthreaded opening 24'in which the threaded.

shaftv 17 intermittently turns to thus move this carriage. Saidcarriage22 has a vertical slide bearing 25 along which a second carriage26 is movablefits weight being supported by the springs 27. This secondcarriage 26 has a rack portion -93 with which gear 20 meshes Yto movethe same,

and has a forwardly extending member 261 slidable vertically thereon toadjusted positions yby av Y with the lever stop 49 pivoted at 50 on' avertiscrew 44 having a handle 45. v

This second carriage 26 (i. e. its said member 261) hasy a bearing 28curved in a vertical plane disposed at right angles to the direction ofthe arm 14, A tool carrier 29 is movable in bearing 28 and has suitablemeans 30 for mounting vthe cutting tool 31 thereon., The outer end ofthe arm 14 has a vertical slide bearing 32 in which moves a rack bar 33with which meshes the gear 21 of rock shaft 10.

thereon to be turning inthe direction indicated by the curvedvarrow inFigure 20, and the -carriage 22v and tool 31 to be at the'left-hand sideA`of the axis of the Work carrier as shown in Figure 1 andthe tool to beraised to begin itsoperation at-the upper edge 71 of the blade72 of thepro- Y peller workpiece, the shaft 10 `is turnedbythe turning of shaft 5(through said train of gears and simultaneously with shaft 4 andsaidWork piece) to feed, by gear 20,the carriage 26 and parts carriedthereby downwardly and-thus cut said blade in a helical direction fromits upper edge 71 to its lower edge 73. A Y

This cutting operation having been iinished the parts are moved by thereverse turningmovement of shafts 4 and 5j to position the work pieceand thel tool for the next cutting operation.

the carriage 26 with the parts carried thereby, andthe gear 21 .isturned in the direction indicated by the curved arrow in Figure 13` thuscausing the rack bar 33 to move down` and engage the upper end 34 of alength-adjusting rod 42 threaded in a bar 35k slidable in said bearing32, and move said bar down against the pressure of spring 53 so that thelink 36, pivoted at 37 on bar 35 and at 38 on the arm 39 turnable on theshaft 17, turns this arm causing its pawl to engage the teeth of theratchet wheel 41 on shaft 17 thus rotating said shaft a partrevolutionto move the carriage 22 toward the righthand side of Figure 1for the tools said next cutting operation. Thereupon the turning ofshafts 4, 5 is again reversed so that they turn in the direction of thefirst cutting operation, thus making a second cut horizontally next tothe cut made by the firstY operation. These operations are repeated Abythe oscillating movements of shafts`4, 5 Vuntil a continuous series ofsaid cuts (as shown at '70 in Figure 20) is formed extending from theouter end of the blade of the propeller to its hub portion. Such seriesbeing completed, the threaded shaft 17 is turned reversely by'its crank74 to move the carriages back to the left-hand side Yof Figure 1, andthe screw 44 is turned by its'handle 45 to lower member 261 and the toolsufficiently" to form; a second series of Vcuts like the rst series,thus deepening the same.

These operationsare repeated until said propeller bladeis finished,whereupon the propeller work piece 43 is turned to another angularposition about the axis of shaft 4 for the forming of another blade ofthe propeller.v Y

In order toso form the faces of the propeller blades 4that their angularinclination relatively to planes at right angles to'the propellers axismay be increasingly obtuse toward said axis, the cutting toolv iscorrespondingly inclined, step by step between its cutting operations,by the followingmeans: The upward movement of the second carriage 26carries the nger 46 of a friction pawl 64 pivoted at 65 on a member 47,turnvably surrounding a shaft 48 -Which bears at 63 in member 261 ofsaid carriage, into engagement the periphery of a wheel 66, tight onshaft V48, to

turnsaid shaft. This shaft has a Worm portion 67 meshing with' thetoothed segment 68 of the Ythe tool carrier 29 so that this turningmovement of said shaft and `worm moves the tool carrier in an angle moreobtuse to the horizontal. When thevcarriage` 26 and parts ,carriedthereby move down the spring 61 releases said pressure and turns members46 and 47 back. The degree of the tools said inclination mayV be variedby moving the bar 51 to vertically adjusted positions or by turning the`set screw 100. Y

To provide an oppositely winding helical formation, the wheel 41, link36 and arm 39 may be removed from the position shown in solid linesinf-Figure' 12 and applied at the opposite side of shafts 10, 17 (the'arm and link being then in the dotted line position shownV in saidView) whereupon the shaft 17 will be turned oppositely, the turningmovement of shaft 10 remaining as before. f

Means for varying the relative movements of the parts may be adopted.The screw rod 42 may In this reverse movement the shaft 10 raises Y thecurvedA bearing 28 to incline the tool v3l to 125 Assuming now the Workcarrier and work piecef be turned to govern the degree of the turningvmovement of shaft-17; vthe pivotal connection 75 in casing member 12may be replaced by others of 150 different diameters in the well knownmanner.

'I'he vertical shafts-"4, 5 may be oscillatedby various means, as therotatingl shaft 77 having a crank arm 78 connected by rod 79 with crankarm 8 and driven ,by the pulley 80 on shaft 81 having a gear 82 meshingwithl gear-83 on shaft 77. I 1, I

It will be seen that the shafts 4, 5 turn in one direction to effect thecutting operation of the tool, and in the-opposite direction to positionthe parts for the succeeding cutting operation.

The work carrier 69 as shown in Figures 16, etc. comprises a circulardiskV 84 non-turnably secured on theupper 4end offshaft 4, anda circulartable85 above said disk having a ring 86 in which theA edge ofthe diskbears turnably. This disk has on its under side a lever handle 87fulcrumed at 88 `thereon and Yconnected with a latch bar 89 slidable at90 in thedisk into engagement with notches 91 in the ring so that thetable maybe releasably connected to thediskto turn therewith and with'the shaft 4. Circular channels 92 in the table are adapted-to receivethe headed lower ends of threaded bolts (not shown) for clampingthe workpiece on the table.

When one of the propeller blades is shaped by the machine, the -tablemay b e turned on the disk to` position another blade for shaping by theBy reversing the movements-of some of the parts, the machine may be madeto cut the prop eller blades from their 'lower edges 73 to-theirupperedges 71.- p

The invention being intended to be pointed out in the claims, is not tobe limitedA to or by details of constructionrof the particularembodiment thereof illustrated by the drawings or here inbeforedescribed. f

shaft mounted on thearm and having a splined gear; a horizontal threadedshaft mounted on the arm; Ya carriage horizontallymovable on'the arm inthreaded relation with the second-mentioned shaft; a tool carried by thehereinafter-- mentioned carriage; a carriage vertically movable on thefirst-mentioned carriage and having a rack meshing with the gear formoving vthe tool operatively by movements of the rock shaft whereby thebody turning with the carrier in one direction is cut helically aboutsaid axis in successive cuts side by side; means for simultane-4 ouslyturning the carrier in its said direction and turning the rock shaft tomove the tool operatively; and means for turning the threaded shaft tomove the carriages and the tool horizontally and for reversely turningthe rock shaft and the carrier, the second-mentioned means operatingbetween the operative movements of the tool.

2. A machine for shaping a body helically, comprising: a base framehaving a horizontal arm; a carrier forA the body mounted on the framebeneath the arm for oscillating turning movement about a vertical axis;a horizontal `rock shaft mounted on the arm and having a splined gear; ahorizontal threaded shaft mountedV on the arm; a carriage horizontallymovable on the arm in threaded relation with the second-mentioned shaft;a tool carried by the hereinaftermentioned carriage; a carriagevertically mov-V able on the first-mentioned carriage and having a rackmeshing with the gear forvmoving thev tool operatively by movements ofthe rock shaft whereby the body turningwith the carrier in one directionis cut helically about said axis in successive cuts side byside; meansfor simultaneousby the movement of the last-mentioned shaft forrockingthe rock shaft.

3. A machine for shaping a body helically, comprising: a .baseframehaving a horizontal arm;

a vcarrierfor the body mounted on the frame beneath. the arm foroscillating turning movement about a vertical axis; a horizontal rockVshaft mounted on the arm and having a splined gear; a horizontalthreadedv shaft mounted n the'arm; a carriage horizontally movable onthe arm in threaded relation vwith the second-mentioned shaft; atoolcarried by the hereinaftermentioned carriage; a carriage verticallymovable on the first-mentioned carriage and having a rack meshing withthe gear for moving the tool operatively by movements of the rock shaftwhereby the ybody turning with the carrierl in one directionv is cuthelically about said axis in successive cuts side by'side; means forsimultaneously turning the carrier in its said direction and turning therock shaft to move the tool operatively; means for turning the threadedshaft to move the carriages and the tool horizontally and for reverselyturning the rock shaft and theV carrier, the second-mentioned meansoperating between operative movements of the tool; a shaft mounted onthe frame for oscillating turning movementwith the carrier; and a' trainof gears intermediate the last-mentioned shaft and the rock shaft. I

4. A machine for shaping a body helically, comprising: a base framehaving a horizontal arm;` a carrier for the body mounted on the framebeneath the arm for oscillatingturning-movement about a lVertical axis;a horizontal rock` shaft mounted on the arm having a splined gear; ahorizontal threaded shaft mounted on the arm having a ratchet wheel; acarriage horizontally movable on the arm in threaded relation with thesecond-mentioned shaft; a tool vertically movable operatively on thecarriage by movements of the rock shaft and having a connected rackmeshing with said gear, whereby the body turning with the carrier in onedirection is cut helically about said axis in successive cuts side byside; means forv simultaneously turning the carrier in its saiddirection and turning the rock shaft to move the tool operatively; andmeans for reversely turning the rock shaft and the carrier; a pawlactuated by the rock shaft engag- .ing the ratchet wheel to turn thethreaded shaft v and move the tool horizontally, the second-mentionedAmeans and pawl operating between operative movements of the tool.

5. A machine for shaping a body helically, comprising: a base framehaving a horizontal arm; a carrier for the body mounted on the framebeneath the army for oscillating turning movement about a vertical axis;a carriage movable horizontally on the arm; a carriage movablevertically on the first-mentioned carriage and having a tool-carryingmember turnable thereon about an axis parallel with the arm; a toolcarried by `said member movabley thereby to positions inclinedrelatively to a horizontal plane; means for simultaneously turning thecarrier and moving the second-mentioned carriage and the tooloperatively; means for moving the carriages and the tool horizontally,turning the tool-carrying member, reversely moving the second-mentionedcarriage and reversely turning the carrienfsaid means operatingbetweenoperative movements of the tool. i f

6.- A machine for shaping a body helically, comprising:l a base framehaving a horizontal arm; a carrier for the body mounted on the framebeneath the arm for oscillating turning/'movement about a vertical axis;av carriage movable horizontally on the arm; a carriage movablevertically on the first-mentioned carriage and having a tool-carryingmember turnable thereon about an axisv parallel with the arm and havinga toothed segment; a tool carried by said member movable thereby topositions inclined'relatively to a horizontal plane; means forsimultaneously turning the carrier and moving the second-mentionedcarriage and the `tool operatively; means for moving the carriages andthe tool horizontally in' one direction, turning the tool-carryingmember, reversely moving the second-mentioned carriage and reverselyturning the carrier, said means operating between operative movements ofthe tool, and including a worm shaft journalled on the tool-carryingmember and meshing with the segment and a pawl moved to turningengagement with the shaft by the'reverse movement of thesecond-mentioned carriage.

beneath the arm for oscillating turning movement about a vertical axis;a horizontal rock shaft mounted on the arm and having a splinedv gear;av horizontal threaded shaft mounted on the arm;

a carriage horizontally movable on the arminA threaded relation with thesecond-mentioned shaft; a. carriage vertically movable on thefirstmentioned 'carriage and having a rack meshing with the gear forvmoving the hereinafter-'mentionedftool operatively by movements of therockV shaft whereby the body turning With'the carrier in one directionis cut helically about said axis in successivecuts side by side, thesecond-mentioned carriage having a tool-carrying member turnablethereon-about an axis parallel with the arm; a tool carried by saidmember movable thereby to positions' inclined relatively' to ahorizontal plane; means for simultaneously turning the carrier in itssaid direction and turning the rock shaft to. move the tool operatively;means for turning the threaded shaft to move the carriages and the toolhorizontally, turning the tool-carrying member, reversely moving thesecond-mentioned carriage and reverselyiturning the carrier, said meansoperating between operative movements of the tool. I

8. A machineV for shapingl a body` helically, comprising: a base framehaving a horizontal arm; a carrier for the body mounted on the framebeneath the arm for oscillating turning movement about a vertical axis;a horizontal rock shaft mounted on the arm and having a splined gear; ahorizontal threaded shaft mounted on the arm; a carriage horizontallymovable on the arm in vthreaded relation with the second-mentioned 1w`mentioned carriage and having a rack meshing with the gear for movingthe hereinafter-meritioned tool operatively by movements of the rockshaft whereby the body turning with the carrier in one direction is euthelically about said axis in successive cuts side by side, thesecond-mentioned carriage having a tool-carrying member turnable thereonabout an axis parallel with the arm; a tool carried by said membermovable 116 VtherebyV to positions inclined relatively to a hori-

